Writing a Protestative Essay

Writing a Protestative EssayAn argumentative essay is a well written, well organized, well researched, well argued essay that is written with the intent of starting a debate or gaining acceptance in a crowd. It can be both short and long-term. It can also be humorous, poignant, humor, witty, provocative, and analytical. Its intended purpose is to strike a chord in the minds of the reader by expressing and persuading them to hear what you have to say.Arguing the point of an argumentative essay can either be a humorous, provocative, or a persuasive essay. A humorous essay usually contains personal anecdotes, which serve as a medium for sharing humor and entertainment. Provocative essays may state a controversial opinion, but usually in an indirect manner. This way, the reader will realize that what he is being told is not actually considered radical or extreme. So you won't be fired from your job for making a statement and neither will you be condemned by a university.A persuasive essa y on the other hand is quite a bit different. With a persuasive essay, you would aim to persuade your reader to agree with you. The reason why the words are not radical is because you are attempting to persuade them to look at the arguments or claims you make, and see them as truth. In order to do this, you need to inform them of something they already know, so that they will begin to see the flaw in your argument, if it's not already too late.The most important thing that you should do when writing a persuasive essay is to never resort to bombast. Sometimes, this type of writing would appear to be more like someone who is speaking with a big mouth, when in fact the purpose is to converse with others, using common sense. You must also avoid putting too much emphasis on ideas. Just state things in general terms so that the reader will be able to understand your argument. So the idea of the piece would be to create interest in your readers by making them think.A good quality argumenta tive essay will have facts and figures, which are a good introduction to the content of the essay. To be more precise, statistics and figures are the building blocks of a persuasive essay. Statistics and figures serve as a basis for your argument, whereas other tools such as emotions or experiences are used to further your cause. The same applies for emotions. There is no point in using emotions if your argument is not based on fact and figures.So to conclude, an argumentative essay doesn't just have to be well written. It also has to be an organized piece of writing. It should include details about the topic that should give your readers a feeling of certainty. The purpose of your argument is to persuade the reader to take your side. So if you are giving a straight argument, no one would ever argue with you, because you have overwhelming evidence to support what you are saying. If you do not have the power of words to convince your reader, then you will never succeed in writing an argumentative essay.If you want to know how to write a persuasive essay, go back to the beginning and examine your topic. See whether your topic is not at all controversial. You can start a debate by asking people what their view is about certain subject. By doing this, you would find out whether there is already a debate going on, or whether you should seek to start a new debate to get more people interested in the topic.

The Iran Contra Affair The Public - 1320 Words

During the Iran-Contra affair the public, as well as congress, were left in the dark about a deal was made with the enemy country of Iran to sell weapons to them to aid in their war with Iraq. Once sold the Profit were given to the Contras in Nicaragua. I will be arguing that advertising dollars, using the military as a source, and flak were used to skew the public’s perception of how the affair took place. When all of this began President Reagan had told Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North, who also worked as the head of the National Security Council, that he needed a way to get Iran back on our side after the fall of their previous leader Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, known as â€Å"The Shah†. While The Shah was in power Iran was one of America’s†¦show more content†¦Now North had to find a way to both help the president fulfill his desire of getting Iran back on our side and helping the Anti-Communist regime down in south America. So North, along with other government officials, sold the 12.5 million dollars worth of weapons to Iran for 30 million. To avoid detection the 12.5 million was transferred into an American bank account while the remaining profit of 17.5 million was transfer to a Swiss bank account. From there the money was wired to the Contras and used in the war effort. Once this information had started spreading throughout the American public artist began to make work based on the Conflict as both a way of raising awareness and to put blame on those who are responsible. When looking at Steve Greenberg’s work you see he is focusing on President Reagan and adding in type that is an American citizen’s point of view on how that affair took place. Each from does not play out second to second but more in one motion then the next used as a way to show a longer period of time passing. President Reagan was known for always having jelly beans on his desk so that artist uses that as a way for the viewer to recognize who it is without writing it somewhere on the page. This was one of multiple pieces of work Greenburg did as a way of letting the American people know that even though he may not be taking blame for it, the President knew what was happening. Others

Eliminating the Price Effect of an Index Automatically...

By the attempt to eliminate the price effect from an index fund, the fundamental index managers change the set-up of the index in such a way that it automatically changes the basic characteristics of the index. As shown in exhibit 10 of the Research Affiliate case, fundamental indices usually not only deal with a higher turnover ratio but also with a higher net expense ratio, for implementing the fundamental strategy in reality seems to go hand in hand with higher costs. Looking at commonly used multiples in exhibit 11, we see no surprises. While the P/E ratio for the RAFI index is only slightly smaller compared to the Russell 1000 index, the Price to Book/Cash Flow/Sales ratio is fundamentally lower in all categories for the RAFI index. More interesting is the fact that the RAFI index is composed of companies with an on average lower market capitalization as well as a higher leverage ratio, which might be a hint that the RAFI is also taking on more risk to produce the excess returns. Even though Research Affiliates uses several methods to eliminate a bias towards a specific sector/type of company, research shows that fundamental indices are clearly more exposed to value and small stocks, which is further illustrated in exhibits 12 14. Looking at exhibits 11 13 we directly observe RAFI’s strong exposure towards financial institutions. Citigroup and Bank of America alone account for roughly 15% of the index while Citigroup is not even found within the 10 largestShow MoreRelatedShow How Transactions in Derivatives Can Be Used to Either Hedge Risk or to Open Speculative Positions.2767 Words   |  12 Pagesvolatility and complexity of financial markets. A diverse range of new financial products have been created to enable market participants to handle the risks arising from trade in securities and to speculate on future expected movements in securities prices, without direct trade in the assets themselves. 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Ethical Consumerism at Bangladesh

Question: Describe about the Ethical Consumerism at Bangladesh? Answer: Executive Summary: The report is on the Ethical behaviour that has to be followed in Bangladesh. Various aspects has been put on light. The actions to be taken by the multinational companies working with them are discussed. The lack of support from the government and its ignorance is highlighted. The ethical behaviour of Kellogg`s foods is shown which would help to compare the world standards. The importance of the code of conduct is discussed. The various steps to be taken to avoid such accidents are discussed. The study is done with the help of various journals and books. Business ethics has a major role in doing business in today`s world. All that is related to business ethics is there in the report. Introduction: Ethical consumerism refers to those consumers who buy products that are produced ethically, distributed with ethics without damage none of labour, nature or environment. These consumers also believe in the products that are more organic and can be recycled. In the following report the importance of ethical consumerism is analysed. In the given report a tragic accident has taken place at Rana plaza in Savar, Bangaldesh (The Economist, 2013). This incident clearly took place because of the ignorance of the management in renovating the building. The building was so old that the roof fell upon the workers while working. This is very unethical and it demands a logical explanation from the management. It shows the clear motive of the management to let the workers work at a place which was so unsafe that it fell on them. The workers have a right legally to fight against them. Compensation should be offered to them and their dependents. It was such a huge loss of lives. It killed around 1134 people and 2500 were injured. It was claimed to be the worst accident ever happened in garment industry (Ranaplaza-arrangement.org, 2015). Further in the report the preventive measures and various approaches to consumerism will be analysed. The collapse of Rana Plaza, which took the lives of so many people at one shot, is the most tragic incident that has ever happened in the garment industry (Simpson and Taylor, 2013). The owner of the factory threatened the people to kick them out of their jobs if they did not join immediately. All the borders of unethical behaviour crossed the border and the government was sitting mum. Those companies who use to order from this industry came into spot light (Shaw, 2011). These companies were responsible for the growth of these industries in Bangladesh. There was a need to come up with huge ethical safety instruments safeguarding the lives of the employees working at such premises. The government ensured the families about compensation, yet there is a lot to be done. Getting cheap labours at the cost of their lives is highly unethical. Improvement of business practices in the garment industry: The apparel companies like Mango, Benneton, Primark etc were the customers of these industry (Cannon, 2012). These companies should comply with international standards while being the customers of this industry. Having the certificate of Disaster management department of Bangladesh is not sufficient, the companies will have to check time to time whether the check points are made or not (Newsroom.kelloggcompany.com, 2015). Scope of such massive accidents can be controlled if necessary and strict actions are taken. Bangladesh, being one of the world`s poorest economy will have to follow this compliance. There economy is mainly based on garment industry. It is the highest source of their revenue. The MNC`s can work in three different directions to help this industry to follow ethical consumerism. The first approach is to promote a healthy working environment through corporate social responsibility and make the lives of the labour not only safe but also happier. ; This campaign can also help them to earn the money they deserve to get from these countries. Second approach can be they quit Bangladesh, that is logically not possible, but there is a horizon of hope that if the multinational apparel brands boycott Bangladesh and move to some other place, then might Bangladesh government might look into the matter. A threat of losing such a high revenue generating industry would bring the government into senses. The third approach is that the companies can remain in Bangladesh working together with many NGO`s and as Corporate social responsibilities should handle the construction of this plants. The only way to enhance morale in an organization is to respect its employees. Recognizing each one of them as individuals is very necessary. The more an organization focus on the happiness safety and health of its employees, the more it is likely to grow. It is understandable that today`s economic hurdles are very huge but that does not mean that workers would be treated like ma chines to earn profit. If the employees feel included in the organization, they will always retain themselves and see the workplace as their homes (Csr-weltweit.de, 2015). Corporate Social Responsibility in Bangladesh: Bangladesh is one of the poorest countries in the world. There are some institution in the country like Bangladesh manufacturers and exporters association, Bangladesh knitwear manufacturers etc who have some responsibilities towards safeguarding the interest of the workers. The government has no precise policy on corporate social responsibility. Although there are ministries who have a little to do about the health and safety of the workers like the ministry of commerce and ministry of information. There are business houses who take care of corporate social responsibility but they too are tax deductible. There are laws that are mandated by the United Nations but there compliance is too rare in view. This is the reason of such massive accidents. There are two corporate social responsibility expertises present in the country. They are the Bangladesh enterprise institute and the corporate social responsibility centre Bangladesh. Institutions serve as a network for the compliances of the laws regulating CSR. These organizations help the companies in performing corporate social responsibility in Bangladesh. The institution looks after the cases where in the companies are not effectively able to implement the responsibilities. They help them to match the global standards for code of ethical conduct. They help companies in exchanging views on these responsibilities and make new changes in the way. They provide great deal of contacts that companies seek to perform corporate social responsibility. The business organizations wish to enhance their garments globally and they can do so by showing some ethics towards the society and the employees. Behaviour of an ethically sound company: KELLOGG`S Kellogg`s company is announced as the most ethically sound company after Ford Motors in 2014. It is committed towards maintaining an environment of integrity and compliance. The company`s position in the market is because of its ethical trade practices. Being sixth time the world`s leader at the code of conduct is not an easy task. To attain such a respectable position, the company must have compiled to various laws. Conducting business after these many compliance is tough but the company promises to continue this always in the future. The behaviour of the company toward all its stakeholders is very good. The company invests a good deal of capital in securing the future of its employees. The direct result of its sound behaviour reflects on its growth. The company takes the opinion of the employees at every nook and corner. The company also conducts session on the needs and grievances of the employees (Anon, 2015). There is a feedback program in the company for all the emplopyees. A c ase came up when there were some bacteria on its food product which led to the sickening of 400 people in 43 states of a country which led to their deaths. The company is ethically concerned that it voluntarily asked the distributors to stop selling the product and later withdrew the whole product from the market (Newsroom.kelloggcompany.com, 2015). They work across the globe and help sending food poverty messages to all communities. To develop sustainable products in Kenya and Malawi they have invested so much capital. The company assists the farmers to produce sustainable products. Kellogg`s is committed towards maintaining a healthy and safe life of its employees. They take necessary actions to protect their workers from any accident. They have all the safety measures at hand to make the employees safe from injuries. They work so much for the employees that they have regulations to safeguard the privacy of the records of their medical, financial files. They believe in the upgradi ng the power of their employees through sustainable growth. They serve the customers with the best of their needs and fulfilling their demands. Maintaining excellence in their product is their strategy that maintains the reputation. They believe that they pack their reputation in every package. If any of the packages is found unhealthy or unhygienic, it will cause to their reputation. They passionately look into the matter of safety of the health of customers. If anything is faulty, it is immediately reported to the management and necessary actions are to be taken. The company takes pride in saying that they choose those suppliers, sales representatives, agents etc who hold high ethical standards in managing business relationships. It is necessary for all the suppliers to read all the code of ethics of the company. There is huge child right conscience in the country. They strictly prohibit the working of those non-family member who are less than 15 years of age. The company is very lenient for its employees and consumers and behaves like a mother to them, but while doing business also they very competent. They have existed in the market for so long, this has happened only because they have good marketing strategies. They market the product with good quality food, individuality and brand recognition and sincere advertising. Misinterpretation of the product is a crime for them. They promote the maintenance of behaviour that supports sustainable agriculture for the benefits of their customers. As global producer Kellogg`s believes in changing the patterns of agriculture that uses a lot of fertilizers. Organic food is what they believe in growing. Their global code of ethics provides a even-handed advice to grow globally. They have the quality of leadership. They believe in inclusion and diversity in the work force. They allow their workers to come up with new ideas at workplace. The focus on diversity enables the company to build an atmosphere where the employees share the diversification and new ideas generate. Integrity is high with a passion to grow more. Conclusion: Here we saw the various aspects of ethical consumerism. Bangladesh needs to grow its economy and garment is the highest returning industry of the country. If the government chooses to comply with the norms that safeguard workers then such accidents can be prevented. The occurrence of such accidents is also shameful for the nation. Adopting measures to protect the workers with the help of all the companies who work with them can promote the industry. The workers also need to be compensated who were affected in the accident. The study of Kellogg`s ethical behaviour towards its employees and consumers. All the companies in the world have a lot to learn from Kellogg`s. The company has so good code of conduct that it stands at the second best position in the world after Ford motors (Csr-weltweit.de, 2015). The severe case that happened in Rana Plaza, Bangladesh is lesson for other countries and industries, that this is very in human. We are humans and not just machines that more and more production is expected of us in return for a meagre wage that would fuel our lives. The government of the country has to take responsibility to protect it people. The multinational companies before investing in such poor countries should always see its legal and ethical compliance (Brink, 2011). References Adeola, F. (2011).Hazardous wastes, industrial disasters, and environmental health risks. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Blodgett, M. (2011). Substantive Ethics: Integrating Law and Ethics in Corporate Ethics Programs.Journal of Business Ethics, 99(S1), pp.39-48. Brink, A. (2011).Corporate governance and business ethics. Dordrecht: Springer. Burke, J. (2014).Rana Plaza: one year on from the Bangladesh factory disaster. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/19/rana-plaza-bangladesh-one-year-on [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Business-humanrights.org, (2014).The Rana Plaza building collapse in Bangladesh - one year on | Business Human Rights Resource Centre. [online] Available at: https://business-humanrights.org/en/the-rana-plaza-building-collapse-in-bangladesh-one-year-on [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Cannon, T. (2012).Corporate responsibility. New York, NY: Pearson. Chalmers, S. and Roellig, M. (n.d.).Corporate counsel institute, 2014. Cleanclothes.org, (2015).Pay Up! Clean Clothes Campaign. [online] Available at: https://www.cleanclothes.org/ranaplaza [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Csr-weltweit.de, (2015).Bangladesh: CSR. [online] Available at: https://www.csr-weltweit.de/en/laenderprofile/profil/bangladesch/index.html [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Csr-weltweit.de, (2015).Bangladesh: CSR. [online] Available at: https://www.csr-weltweit.de/en/laenderprofile/profil/bangladesch/index.html [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Kelloggcompany.com, (2015).Kellogg Company | Corporate Responsibility Report. [online] Available at: https://www.kelloggcompany.com/en_US/corporate-responsibility.html [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Kelloggcompany.com, (2015).Kellogg Company | Corporate Responsibility Report. [online] Available at: https://www.kelloggcompany.com/en_US/corporate-responsibility.html [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Kwarciński, T. (2012). Ethics of Business or Ethics for Business? Two Models for Teaching Business Ethics.MBA.CE, 3(116), pp.42-49. Morse, M. (2012).Antitrust counseling compliance, 2012. New York, NY: Practising Law Institute. Newsroom.kelloggcompany.com, (2015).Kellogg Company Named a World's Most Ethical Company - Mar 20, 2014. [online] Available at: https://newsroom.kelloggcompany.com/2014-03-20-Kellogg-Company-Named-a-Worlds-Most-Ethical-Company [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Ranaplaza-arrangement.org, (2015).Rana Plaza Arrangement. [online] Available at: https://www.ranaplaza-arrangement.org/ [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. Shaw, W. (2011).Business ethics. Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. Simpson, J. and Taylor, J. (2013).Corporate governance, ethics, and CSR. London: Kogan Page. Simpson, J. and Taylor, J. (2013).Corporate governance, ethics, and CSR. London: Kogan Page. Sommer, M. (2014).Michael Sommer: After Rana Plaza: Business As Usual?. [online] Social Europe. Available at: https://www.socialeurope.eu/2014/11/rana-plaza-business-usual/ [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. The Economist, (2013).Disaster at Rana Plaza. [online] Available at: https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21577067-gruesome-accident-should-make-all-bosses-think-harder-about-what-behaving-responsibly [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015]. www.globallabourrights.org, (2015).Factory Collapse in Bangladesh. [online] Available at: https://www.globallabourrights.org/campaigns/factory-collapse-in-bangladesh [Accessed 19 Feb. 2015].

Influences on Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescents

Adolescence is the development of a child from childhood to adulthood. Changes are noted as the child grows, such as sexual characteristics. Girls start to grow breasts, public and armpit hair, and menstrual periods; the full development is attained at the age of 18.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influences on Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Boys’ testicles and scrotum enlarges and the penis enlarges in size, and the full development of boys’ reproductive parts is attained at the age of 16 to 17 years. These developments are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Physical Development According to Smith Cowie (2005), environmental factors such as nutrition can determine how the child will grow. Adolescents should be given a balanced diet because their rapid growth makes them crave for calories, but if calories intake is exceeded, they ar e likely to develop weight problems. For example, identical twins with same genes growing in different environments are likely to have different heights or physical appearance. According to the University of United Nations, this may be due to nutrition which affects the growth of bones, the body size, and can also delay the body growth. Regular exercises are essential in youngster’s development. Those who spend their time playing or engaging in vigorous activities are likely to have stronger bones than those who spend their time watching televisions, thus their bone growth is likely to be impaired. Likewise, chronic illness also affects the child’s growth. Childs genetics influences how he/she will grow physically. Genetics have a big effect on the growth rate and the size of body parts. For instance, Doctor Stefan Czerwinski did a study for genetics for 30 years and concluded that when both height and weight of a child’s parents is measured, it is easy to appro ximate the child’s height and weight at the age of thirty. If a child’s parents are short, he/she is likely to grow short even if the age mates look taller. Other factors include the body mass, percentage of body fat and body muscles. Physical characteristics such as facial and body developments are likely to cause different reactions from people.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, healthy and attractive children are more likely to be favored than the less attractive ones with slim bodies. Furthermore, a youngster who comes from a family with a history of schizophrenia is likely to develop the hereditary disease, especially if the environment in which he/she lives is easy to contaminate (Bronfen, 2000). Cognitive Development Bronfen (2000) argues that physical activity helps the brain to function properly. Exercises can help improve cognition and academic per formance. The effects of the physical activity on cognition and brain function have been shown at the molecular, cellular, organ system, and behavior levels, which points out that exercises may lead to increase in both physical and mental health during child development. Exercise helps adolescents to improve their memory, neuroprotection and lessen chances of depression. They support neurogenesis, metabolism, and vascular functions. It also alleviates diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, which may lead to inflammation of the brain which can impair its growth. Eyes development is another factor because it depends on which environment the child grows. A youngster with teary eyes, maybe due to dietary deficiency causes the child to strain and is not able to learn more as compared to his age mates. This may be due to spending a lot of time on computers, which may lead to eye fatigue and as they play, foreign objects such as dirt and bacteria may impair their vision. Gende rs roles in the society also determine the youngsters learning capabilities. Girls tend to be interested in learning female related activities such as soft labor – for example, baby care. Boys learn activities that are related to hard labor. However, girls and boys who have been taught to do both male and female tasks, normally called the androgynous, are able to do hard labor, with the girls being able to fix cars and boys able to do home chores. Adolescents who are brought up in wealthy and loving families are likely to be mentally stable and are able to develop good domestic and learning skills. These children regard ability as an acquirable skill and hence, they are capable of increasing it by gaining more knowledge. They regard error as natural and are able to learn through mistakes. They are capable of handling difficulties and do not compare their personal achievements with others. Youngsters who go through tough experiences, for example, orphans have poor mental devel opment. The issue of their parent’s death can lead to unhealthy mental development. Such children have negative attitude about life and are not focused on their studies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influences on Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescents specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarly, the training and experience to which an adolescent is exposed determines who he/she will become. A delay in cognitive development of a youngster becomes problematic especially in societies that value cognitive skills for work and self-determined life. In essence, culture and environmental factors are the results of differences in cognitive achievements (Smith Cowie, 2005). Social, Moral, and Personality Development There are many behaviors that cause differences between people. These behaviors include emotions and thoughts and are sometimes caused by environmental and heredity factors. Environmental factors are helpful in formation of characters attitudes. Adolescents show different attitudes in same conditions and this depends on the learning environment where the child was brought up. The family where the child grew is an important factor in formation of a personality. Children who come from a family of independent parents are likely to grow with the same independence, self trust, and self control, and with a lot of creativity (Berk, 2004). Adolescents who come from a family where parents are authoritative are likely to be shy and anxious. These youngsters also become dependent and with little or no self control. More so, an adolescent who have been brought up in a family with a single parent is affected because in case of the absence of a mother, the child is likely to be shy and dependent. The father’s absence differs in both boys and girls. Girls are likely to be more dependent, but with an aggressive personality, especially when dealing with boys. In case of parent s divorce, adolescent girls become anxious about their relationship with boys. Moreover, birth order affects the development of an adolescent because elder children have good leadership characteristics and tend to be successful. Middle children are likely to be rebellious whereas lastborns are likely to be spoilt, and experience insufficient emotions. Berk (2004) affirms that social developments are affected by the culture from which an adolescent come from. People from different cultures have their own believes, merits, morals, and attitudes. The first source of socialization for adolescents is parents. If the youngster’s parents had unsocial behavior, they are likely to behave the same, especially in groups.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this regard, Freud’s Theory about personality is divided into three. The first is the topographic theory, which divides the psychological structure into consciousness, pre-consciousness, and unconsciousness. They express how much the individuals are aware of mental activities that they do. Second, in structural theory, personality is formed by the primitive personality of birth, ego which is a sensibility for logic, behaviors and controlling consciousness. Third, Superego is the ethnical and personality judgment which depends on the rules of the family and society. According to Treyt Moral theory, each person has an ethical judgment on good or evil. These judgments determine an individual’s self behaviors and acts. These morals are determined by the environmental and society where an individual has been brought up. In order for a person to live peacefully, he/she must adopt and follow the rules which he/she esteemed. In Carl Jung’s Social theory, individualâ €™s personalities, such as being an extrovert and introvert shows individuals interest of self and others. According to Jung, introverts are shy and find it hard to make friends, while extroverts are confident and hence get friends easily (Bronfen, 2000). Thus, these three theories help explain the mentioned moral, social, and personality factors. In conclusion, adolescence is a stage of remarkable physical changes and cognitive development; adolescents’ bodies establish and mature sexually, together with their minds engaging in advanced thinking, which include metacognition, speculative, and intense introspection. These changes affect social and psychological development. Parents, teachers and the whole society should be ready to accommodate adolescents and teach them because it is a temporary stage with many changes, especially in cases where these youngsters feel they are special and above the laws. This might lead to risky behaviors, such as drug abuse and having unpr otected sex while they try to engage into intimate relationships with the push to discover who they are in the society and in the world. Therefore, the society must educate and protect adolescent because it has a greater influence on adolescents’ physical and cognitive development. References Berk, L. E. (2004). Infants, Children, Adolescents Development Theories. Harvard University Press, Cambridge. Bronfen, B. (2000). The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by nature and Design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Smith P.K. Cowie, H. (2005). Understanding Adolescents Development, Basic Psychology (4th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. This essay on Influences on Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescents was written and submitted by user Sidney Frederick to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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buy custom Medicare Managed Care essay In the United States, Medicare programs are in the rise as they are being favored by many researches carried out due to the presence of many and diverse Medicare challenges. The government of the United States has also played a significant role in the development of the Medicare programs. The Medicare managed-care plan is being encouraged in the United States because of the added coverage it has over the Medicare plans. Studies have been carried out and revealed that the Medicare Advantage Plan is a bit cheaper than the Medical Fee for Service even with its enhanced effectiveness and efficiency. A Medicare managed care is a plan for individuals to obtain coverage for their bills of health care, which is not paid for by the Medicare. The Medicare managed plans are the programs that are run by the health care agencies. They include the health maintenance organizations (HMOs) or the preferred provider organizations (PPOs), whereby, they are involved in the provision of Medicare covera ge as well as coverage left as gaps by the Medicare coverage. The Medigap polices provide basic Medicare in the same way as the Medicare managed care; and they can appear to replace each other. However, the Medicare managed care is different from the Medigap policies in the basis of its operation. While Medicare and Medigap policies will operate together to pay the client's medical bills, they have different extents to which they operate (Elliott Et al. 2011). While the jurisdiction of the Medigap polices will extend to the point of the coverage of the bills, the Medicare managed-care plans will go further than just the bill level. Other than providing the client's Medicare coverage, the Medicare managed care will include other coverage extending to the filing of Medicare coverage gaps. The managed-care plan controls the extent of the clients beyond Medicare, as well as the premiums size and copayment size. The managed-care plan is also the one that makes the decisions regarding p ayments for the clients treatment (Elliott Et al. 2011). The managed care is distinct in that the clients are left to agree on the specific hospitals, specific doctors and others in the network of the Medicare exchange aimed at reducing the costs of the overall healthcare costs. In the light of the provision for chances to choose on the part of the clients, the Medicare managed care provides a variety of provisions for the patients. For example, there is a Medicare managed-care plan that provides narrow limitations on consulting with specialists or accessing practitioners from outside the network. There are others that do not impose restrictions to the patients freedom in choosing the doctors to consult for their treatment. However, the premium charges for a particular Medicare managed-care plan vary with increasing trends inclined to expand the choice's ability of the client. In further pursuing of the economic implications of the Medicare managed care for the clients, it is nece ssary that individuals make some research on the available options in their area. It is essential that such individuals check on the adequacy of care, as well as costs for each particular healthcare managed care in the proposal. It is also necessary that the cost will include the doctors visits together with the prescribed drugs. There are several types of managed-care plans. The health maintenance organization (HMO), preferred provider organization (PPO), and provider sponsored organization (PSO) are some of the available types of managed-care plans. Out of the three aforementioned types of the Medicare managed-care plan, the HMO is the least expensive. The HMO is also popular for its restriction, which ranks higher than the others. Other than the Medicare Health Plan, individuals have a choice of Medicare Advantage Plan as a part of their Medicare. The Advantage Plans are, however, offered by the private companies, which are approved by Medicare. The Medicare Advantage Plan provides clients with all of their Part A and Part B coverage. In the Medicare field, the Hospital Insurance is referred to as Part A, while the Medical Insurance is Part B. Other than covering for the Hospital Insurance and Medical Insurance, some Medicare Advantage plans offer extra coverage that may include the coverage for hearing, dental, vision, and health and wellness programs. At the same time, the majority of the Medicare Advantage Plan will cater for Medicare prescription drug coverage (Part D). Basically, it is the Medicare that pays some fixed monthly installments to the Medicare Advantage Plan providers. The Medicare Plan Providers are entitled to follow some rules set by the Medicare. It is, however, common that each Medicare Advantage Plan imposes different extra costs, as well as different rules for their service provision. The clients subject to the rule of the Medicare Advantage Plan on whether they require a recommendation of seeing a specialist, or go to see a doctor alone. The cost analysis of a Medicare Advantage Plan involves various considerations. It is also notable that the clients are required to pay for their Part B premium, and some added monthly premiums for the included services. At the same time, each Medicare Advantage Plan has its unique, extra costs to the clients. Since the c lients subjected to a Medicare Advantage Plan have an option for obtaining their Medicare by Medicare Fee for Service, the cost considerations for the two available options can be looked upon by their various implications to the client. In case of Medicare Advantage Plan, the patients are obligated to go to a middle man, who is usually the assigned primary medical practitioner; although, sometimes they will go to the practitioner-nurse, prior to being sent to a specialist. This, in the eyes of many, can appear to be inconvenient. It can also mean a waste of the patients time. Opponents of Medicare Advantage Plan may argue that the patients are better placed if they see a specialist to obtain the needed Medicare. What the opponents of Medicare Advantage Plan fail to anticipate is the cases where the efforts of a specialist can be proved unnecessary, thus saving the patients' money and even time, not mentioning the inconveniences of operations and tests. There can be cases where th e patient may actually know whichspecialistcould be right for his problem.Even in such cases, it might not always be necessary for the patient toobtainan expensive service from the specialist. The Medicare Advantage Plan offers achancefor possibilities, as when a nurse-practitioner could have done as well as aspecialist, thus saving the patientsmoney. In the light of this, the Medicare Fee for Service is more expensive than the Medicare Advantage Plan. In many cases, Managed Care organizations carry out scrutiny for expensive procedures to ensure that they are necessary (McGuire, Newhouse Sinaiko, n.d). By scrutinizing the expensive procedures for the clients, the Medicare Advantage Plans are able to wedge into the gap between the patients desire or need and their economic pressures. Following the findings, the 30 per cent of surgeons recommended operations are not necessary; the intervention by the Medicare Advantage Plan comes at the right moment. As an example of the operations that managed care refuses to pay for is hysterectomy, the uterus removal. The basis for this refusal is the complaints about patients calling for hysterectomy, while they can successfully be treated with other less-expensive methods. Of course, this has ultra slim chances of occurring in Medicare Fee for Services, and thus becoming more expensive (McGuire, Newhouse Sinaiko, n.d). The Medicare Advantage Plan has the ability of eliminating expensive doctors and other medical practitioners from the lists of providers (McGuire, Newhouse Sinaiko, n.d). The way the Medicare Advantage Plans determine that particular doctors are overpriced is by the doctors ordering abnormal number of CAT scan, X-rays and laboratory procedures. The Medicare Advantage Plans organizations utilize the information technology to research on the effectiveness of the doctors they are to enroll in their lists of providers. By doing so, the Managed Care organizations obtain the benefits of eliminating high-price d doctors and also caution the remaining ones. In the case of Medicare Fee for Service, it is hard to obtain such levels of specializations, thus medical service remains expensive. The Medicare Advantage Plans organizations are also able to identify medical practitioners who have tendencies of offering significantly expensive medications. At the sametime, the doctors who over-exploit the hospital facilities are identifiable through the same procedure. Theoretically, the Medicare Advantage organizations obtain some levels or accuracy index of skills for the doctors engaged in their programs, especially for treatment of specific cases. It is agreeable that such studies are done rarely; on the contrary, the Medicare Fee for Services options will not provide such a service (Berenson Dowd, 2009). In notable cases, Medicare Advantage organizationsoperatetheir own health facilities in the rural areas. In such facilities, the staff and doctorsarecommonlypaidby the organizations. This elim inates the fee-for-service, whichis normally subjectedto the individual patients and is expensive.The collectively run health facilities enable cost-saving measures, such as technicians and nurse-practitioners carrying out theworkthat could otherwisebe doneby doctors.The Medicare Advantage Plans are, therefore, able tocutdown on the overall costs for the client members, making them a bit less expensive than the Medicare Fee for Services. Finally, the large enough number of members of the Medicare Advantage organizations enhances their bargaining powers (Berenson Dowd, 2009). The bargaining powerismostlyputin practice during the hospital and pharmaceutical negotiations. Where the Medicare Advantage Plancontractswith private and public hospitals for their membership, they are able toobtainflatdaily rates for the hospital charges andextendthecheapservices to their clients. Therefore, it isevidentthat the Medicare Advantage Plan is less expensive than the Medicare Fee for Services by the individual members withlimitedbargaining powers. The operators of the Medicare Fee for Services have the advantage of being exempted from network requirements for adequacy (Kaplan, 2011). This can have some economical implication, cutting down charges for the patients. While the Medicare Fee for Service is exempted from the requirements of network adequacy, the impact can be so minimal to the point of being significantly felt by the individual clients. Therefore, on the grounds of the aforementioned fact, the Medicare Fee for Services cannot be said to be less expensive than the Medicare Advantage Plan. Other than the Medicare Fee for Service providers being exempted from adequacy requirements for network, they also are subjected to fewer requirements, while they benefit from particular statutory and rules of administration. Nonetheless, this service is expected to cost less to the patients. The problem usually arises from the fact that the bargaining power of the patient is w eak. It can also be argued that most of the providers are private individuals who cannot afford to be everywhere treating all possible cases in terms of clients state of health. Therefore, the patients who go for Medicare Fee for Service will be subjected to more subjective operations than is the case with the patients opting for Medicare Advantage Plan (Kaplan, 2011). Research data by Medpac on preference of Medicare Fee for Services shows that they take more than three-quarters of the overall options available for Medicare beneficiaries. This indicates that the Medicare Fee for Services is gaining popularity despite its expectation of being expensive. However, in the same study by Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MEDPAC) (2008), the Medicare Fee for Services accounted for 19 per cent of the total Medicare Advantage Plan enrollment. They actually accounted for 60 per cent of the 2006 to 2007 enrollment growth. Figures indicated that during the period from 2006 to 2007, Manage d-Care plan's enrollment remained flat (MEDPAC, 2008). The employers are also seen to be playing some significant roles in the Medicare Advantage Plan.It wasnoted in theemployer-only plan that the year 2008 tended tobehigher than other plans with a noted 108 percent. At the same time, the payments by the employer-only plans showed an average of 116 percent of the Fees for Service spending. The impacts of the employer-only plans to the Medicare Advantage are detrimental as they compromise the ability of the Medicare Advantage plans. Conclusion The Medicare Managed Care helps individuals to pay for their Medicare costs. The Medical Advantage plans have coverage on such health issues of the patients as visual, dental and hearing problems. These plans are being encouraged to be adapted currently. When Medicare Advantage Plan is compared to the Medicare Fee for Service, it has evidence of effectiveness and efficiency added to the fact that it is less expensive than the Medicare Fee for Service. Buy custom Medicare Managed Care essay

Eropean Union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eropean Union - Essay Example The European Union operates through a system of supranational institutions. These institutions include a variety of prominent branches, including the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Parliament, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the European Central Bank. This essay examines these branches and considers the most critical barriers to further EU integration. The different branches of the European Union have distinctly different functions. The European Commission is the recognized executive body of the European Union. This body has a broad variety of functions that includes developing legislation, decision implementation, upholding EU treaties, and running the daily measures of the union (Staab). While the United States executive branch has a single president, the EU operates with twenty-seven commissioners and a Commission President. The European Commission notably is the sole branch with the power of legislative initiative. The Council of the European Union is, along with the European Parliament, the legislative body of the European Union. ... Another prominent power of these legislative branches is their authority over the budget (Leonard). Both of the legislative bodies have equal power over the budget. If there is a disagreement between these powers there is a conciliation committee that arbitrates these disputes. Finally, the European Parliament has the power of supervision (Leonard). This means that they can establish supervisory council over issues such as natural disasters or disease. The final two branches of the European Union are the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the European Central Bank. The Court of Justice is the European Union’s judicial branch. The purpose of this branch of the EU is to ensure that treaties passed by the EU are followed and observed in the proper interpretation (Staab). This branch contains the European Court of Justice, the General Court, and the Civil Service Tribunal. The European Central Bank oversees the monetary policy of the members of the European Union (Staab). The overriding purpose of the European Central Bank is to ensure price stability through developing measures to fight against inflation. The ECB also has the notable power of issuing euro banknotes (Staab). While the European member states are able to issue their own euro bank notes, they must first receive the permission of the ECB. While the European Union has witnessed tremendous integration in recent decades there still remains prominent barriers to integration. Within this context of investigation the most prominent barriers to integration relate to trade and financial matters. While seventeen member states have adopted the Euro as their predominant currency there remains objection to full-scale implementation of this currency. One considers the current European